Becoming Swiss: naturalisation and residence permits
How many years of residence, what conditions, what three-tier procedure: how you become a Swiss citizen, explained simply.
Switzerland has one of the strictest citizenship laws in Europe — which partly explains its high share of foreign residents. Becoming Swiss through ordinary naturalisation requires having lived there for a long time and being well integrated.
The main conditions
- About 10 years of residence in Switzerland (years spent between ages 8 and 18 count double).
- Usually a settlement permit (C permit).
- Successful integration: language, respect for the law, participation in economic life.
A decision at three levels
This is a Swiss peculiarity: ordinary naturalisation is decided at the federal, cantonal and municipal levels at once. The exact requirements and timelines therefore vary from place to place. A facilitated naturalisation exists notably for spouses of Swiss citizens and the third generation of immigrants.
Frequently asked questions
How many years does it take to become Swiss?
About 10 years of residence for ordinary naturalisation, with years between ages 8 and 18 counting double.
Who decides on naturalisation?
Three levels at once: the Confederation, the canton and the municipality. That is why conditions vary by location.
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