World

Gibraltar: EU and UK sign historic agreement ending the border fence

Herz — World Desk · 14 July 2026 at 13:16 · 30s summary · 4 min read

The essentials

The European Union and the United Kingdom signed a historic agreement in Brussels on July 14, 2026, ending the "verja"—the 1.2-kilometre physical fence separating Gibraltar from Spain. The agreement enters into force on July 15, 2026 at midnight, providing for the fence's demolition, elimination of border controls on people and goods, and a dual-control system for airport and port passengers. Spanish Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares declared the agreement definitively closes the Brexit and opens a new era for Gibraltar, the region, and EU-UK relations. This resolves the final major outstanding Brexit issue.

EU-UK agreement signed in Brussels on July 14, 2026
Physical fence separating Gibraltar from Spain to be demolished
Border controls eliminated; dual-control model for airport and port
Agreement effective July 15, 2026 at midnight
Final major Brexit outstanding issue now resolved

Gibilterra: UE e Regno Unito firmano l'accordo storico che abolisce la frontiera fisica — blavoulondon - blavou.co, CC BY 2.0, Wikimedia Commons

What we know

European Commission Vice-President Maros Sefcovic and UK Europe Minister Stephen Doughty signed an agreement on July 14, 2026 in Brussels ending the "verja"—a Spanish term for the 1.2-kilometre physical fence separating Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, from Spain. This is the last outstanding major Brexit issue, according to El País.

Spanish Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares and Gibraltar's Prime Minister Fabian Picardo attended the signing ceremony.

The agreement takes effect on July 15, 2026 at midnight.

What the agreement provides

The text provides for the demolition of the fence separating Gibraltar from La Línea de la Concepción, elimination of controls on people and goods at the land border, and a dual-control system for passengers at the airport and port of the isthmus.

For the airport and port, the parties adopted the model used at London's St Pancras station, where France conducts Schengen checks for Eurostar passengers on the British side. Spain will conduct full Schengen controls from Gibraltar, while full British controls remain on the Gibraltar side.

Context

The June 23, 2016 British referendum in favour of Brexit revived the Gibraltar dispute, which had seemed settled since Spain joined the European Economic Community in 1986.

A political agreement had been reached over a year before the formal signing on July 14, 2026, already facilitating the daily transit of thousands of Spanish workers from the Campo de Gibraltar—the southernmost region of Cádiz Province and continental Europe—to Gibraltar.

Timeline

1713
Treaty of Utrecht: Spain cedes Gibraltar to Great Britain in perpetuity, establishing the foundation of a sovereignty dispute lasting over three centuries.
1969
The Franco regime completely closes Gibraltar's land border, isolating the Rock from Spain.
February 1985
Complete reopening of the land border in anticipation of Spain's imminent accession to the European Economic Community.
The United Kingdom votes to leave the EU, immediately reviving the Gibraltar issue.